Evaluation of Key Performance Factors of Public Building Construction Projects under the Force Account Method

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate key performance factors influencing the effective implementation of public building construction projects using the Force Account Method (FAM) in Tanzania. A case study and descriptive survey design were employed to investigate projects implemented under the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST). The target population included 128 stakeholders comprising engineers, consultants, contractors, local fundi, project coordinators, and regulatory officers, selected using stratified and purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and document reviews, with quantitative analysis conducted using SPSS and Smart PLS, and thematic analysis for qualitative responses. Instrument validity was ensured through triangulation and pilot testing, while reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha values ranging from 0.83 to 0.973. Ethical considerations included informed consent, anonymity, and data integrity.

Findings revealed that six interdependent factors which are; effective planning, effective design, procurement management, construction supervision, adequacy and competence of project participants, and effective leadership and government support are the critical factors for FAM success. Structural model results confirmed strong positive relationships among these factors, with institutional support significantly influencing all other components. The study concludes that FAM can be a cost-effective and efficient method when managed through an integrated, systemic approach. Key recommendations include revising FAM guidelines to reflect modern practices, implementing certified training programs, adopting digital tools for project management, and developing a unified implementation framework aligned with the construction lifecycle. These findings offer practical and policy-level insights for improving public construction delivery in Tanzania.