Differences in Leadership Styles and Effectiveness between Women and Men in the Tanzanian Public Sector

Abstract

This study examines differences in leadership styles and effectiveness between women and men in the Tanzanian public sector. Drawing from transformational and transactional leadership theories, this study specifically addresses three questions. The data were gathered using a questionnaire from 302 gender stakeholders who were sampled through hybrid sampling technique. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests. The findings reveal that, women are more likely to apply transformational while men apply transactional leadership styles. Women and men leaders adopt different leadership styles due to socialization, cultural expectations, organizational dynamics and personality traits. Women leadership styles are more effective in certain roles and sectors than men, and the vice-versa is true. This study concludes that, men and women use different leadership styles and they exhibit effectiveness in such different styles. The public and private partnership should continuously promote gender-sensitive leadership.