The Effect of Pioglitazone on the Alzheimer’s Disease

^Authors: Lutfi Hidiyaningtyas¹, Suharjono²

¹Master of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia ²Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University,

Dharmawangsa Dalam, 60286, Surabaya, Indonesia

Email: hiyaningtyas.lutfi@gmail.com

Abstract

Recent evidence has indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by progressive deterioration of memory, and pathologically by histopathological changes including extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides forming senile plaques (SP) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Some studies indicate that improving diabetes with appropriate of drug treatment can delay or prevent AD pathology. Pioglitazoneis was a agonist of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system and seem to exert neuroprotective effects in vitro. Metaanalysis studies showed that pioglitazone treatment might be therapeutically beneficial in early stages of AD and for patients with mild-to-moderate AD. Further analysis of these studies showed a significant reduction in amyloid beta and tau pathology measured in cerebral blood flow samples from AD patients. Preclinical and clinical studies have evaluated the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of pioglitazone in AD, with some promising results. Here, we will review effect of pioglitazone in Alzheimer’s disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Dementia, Pioglitazone, Efficacy

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